A common misconception about copyright protection is that it covers all types of ideas and their expression.

 In fact, what can be protected is the description, explanation or illustration chosen by the author to express an idea or system. This expression is what is called "original works of authorship"?. (See title 17, section 102 of the U.S. Copyright Code.)

 The statute clearly states that ideas and concepts cannot be protected by copyright. In addition, methods or systems are not protected. Section 17 clearly expresses this principle:

"In no case does copyright protection for an original work of
authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system,
method of operation, concept, principle or discovery, regardless
of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated or
embodied in such work."?

 More specifically, copyright does not protect ideas or procedures for doing, making, or building things; scientific or technical methods or discoveries; business operations or procedures; mathematical principles, formulas or algorithms; or any other concept, process, or method of operation.

 In addition, names, titles, and short phrases or expressions cannot are not subject to copyright protection. Even if a name, title, or short phrase is novel or distinctive, or if it lends itself to a play on words, it cannot be protected by copyright. The Copyright Office cannot register claims to exclusive rights in brief combinations of words such as:

" names of products or services,
" names of businesses, organizations, or groups (including the name of a group of performers),
" names or pseudonyms of individuals (including pen name or stage name)
" titles of works,
" catchwords, catchphrases, mottos, slogans, or short advertising expressions,
" mere listings of ingredients, as in recipes, labels, or formulas. For example, when a recipe or formula is accompanied by explanation or directions, the text directions may be copyrightable, but the recipe or formula itself remains uncopyrightable.

For more information about copyright protection, contact the author of this article. For details, see information below.